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A Reflection on the Linguistic-Interpretative Meaning of the Word Ḥill in the Second Verse of Surah al-Balad: A Critical Analysis of the Interpretations of Both Sunni and Shia Scholars
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Mahbubeh Mousaipur   |
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Abstract: (31 Views) |
| The well-established jurisprudential or interpretative meanings of certain words in the Qur’an sometimes hinder their re-reading in the context of the verse, affecting a correct understanding of the Qur’an. The Qur’anic word ḥill according to many commentators, especially the majority of Sunni scholars, is widely understood to mean permissibility or legality in a Shariah context. This interpretation has been applied to the second verse of Surah al-Balad, where it is used to suggest the permissibility of the killing of the Prophet (pbuh) during the conquest of Mecca. This interpretation, while opposing the ethical principles and the practice of the Prophet (pbuh) in history, as well as the sanctity of Mecca, has also led to doubts and criticisms regarding the divine nature of the Qur’an and the status of the Prophet Mohammad (pbuh). Some scholars from both sects/directions have proposed alternative meanings, such as the violation of the sanctity of Mecca or the permissibility of the killing of the Prophet (pbuh) by the polytheists in Mecca, or his stay in the city. These interpretations are also not without problems. This study, using a descriptive-analytical method and a critical approach, re-examines the linguistic meaning of the word ḥill and reflects on the context based on the interpretation of the Qur’an through the Qur’an itself. The research demonstrates that the core meaning of the root "H-L-L" is centered around liberation and freedom from constraint. Therefore, it seems that in this particular verse, the meaning refers to the removal of the hardship and oppression faced by the Prophet (pbuh) and, by extension, his companions, enabling them to live freely in Mecca without opposition from the polytheists. In this interpretation, in line with the context of the surah's revelation during the difficult period of public invitation, God promises this relief and freedom to His Messenger as a form of support and reassurance. |
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| Keywords: Qur’an, Ḥill, Surah al-Balad, Critical Interpretation. |
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Full-Text [PDF 320 kb]
(15 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/05/18 | Accepted: 2025/03/17 | Published: 2025/03/17
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