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Foundations of Hudnah and Its Distinction from Mudāhanah from the Perspective of Qur’anic Verses and Hadiths
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Giti Kabiri Zeinat Bakhsh   , Maryam Haji Abdolbaghi1 , Mohammad Ghasemi |
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Abstract: (13 Views) |
| Among the key concepts in Islamic political interactions with others are the issues of hudnah and mudāhanah. Despite their superficial similarity, these two terms differ fundamentally in semantics, jurisprudential implications, and religious status. Hudnah refers to establishing a temporary and conditional peace under specific circumstances, considering the general interests of Muslims and preserving the overarching objectives of religion. This concept is sanctioned in the Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet Mohammad (pbuh). Numerous verses such as “وَإِنْ جَنَحُوا لِلسَّلْمِ فَاجْنَحْ لَهَا” (And if they incline to peace, then incline to it) (Anfāl, 8:61) and narrations from the Infallibles (peace be upon them) emphasize the permissibility and necessity of hudnah when appropriate. In contrast, mudāhanah is often portrayed as an undesirable compromise or concession from religious principles, a concept alluded to in the Qur’an: “وَدُّوا لَوْ تُدْهِنُ فَیُدْهِنُونَ” (They wish that you would soften [in your position], so they would soften [toward you]) (Qalam, 68:9). This article employs a descriptive-analytical method and draws upon exegetical, jurisprudential, and hadith sources to comparatively examine these two concepts. It elucidates the clear boundaries between legitimate peace and unacceptable compromise from the perspectives of the Qur’an and the traditions of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them). The main objective is to provide a clear framework for a better understanding of Islamic policies in managing war and peace, distinguishing them from weak and harmful concessions. |
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| Keywords: Hudnah, Mudāhanah, Taqīyyah, Peace, Cessation of Hostilities, Public Interest. |
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Full-Text [PDF 375 kb]
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/09/14 | Accepted: 2025/09/1 | Published: 2025/09/1
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